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Loopback (also written loop-back) is the routing of electronic signals or digital data streams back to their source without intentional processing or modification.It is primarily a means of testing the communications infrastructure.
This layer, presentation Layer and application layer are combined in TCP/IP model. 9P Distributed file system protocol developed originally as part of Plan 9; ADSP AppleTalk Data Stream Protocol; ASP AppleTalk Session Protocol; H.245 Call Control Protocol for Multimedia Communications; iSNS Internet Storage Name Service
Simple Loop Prevention Protocol (SLPP) in computer networking is a data link layer protocol developed by Nortel (previously acquired by Avaya, now a part of Extreme Networks) to protect against Layer 2 network loops. SLPP uses a small hello packet to detect network loops.
IEEE 802.1ag is an amendment to the IEEE 802.1Q networking standard which introduces Connectivity Fault Management (CFM). This defines protocols and practices for the operations, administration, and maintenance (OAM) of paths through 802.1 bridges and local area networks (LANs). The final version was approved by the IEEE in 2007. [1]
The new layer-2 configuration protocols work with backward-compatible extensions to the Ethernet 802.1 frame format; such minimal changes allow AVB devices to coexist and communicate in standard IT networks, however, only AVB-capable switches and endpoint can reserve network resources with admission control and synchronize local time to a ...
Switching loops can cause misleading entries in a switch's media access control (MAC) database and can cause endless unicast frames to be broadcast throughout the network. A loop can make a switch receive the same broadcast frames on two different ports, and alternatingly associate the sending MAC address with the one or the other port.
The mechanisms and protocol defined in this Recommendation achieve highly reliable and stable protection; and never form loops, which would fatally affect network operation and service availability. Each Ethernet Ring Node is connected to adjacent Ethernet Ring Nodes participating in the same Ethernet Ring, using two independent links.
Traversal Using Relays around NAT (TURN) is a protocol that assists in traversal of network address translators (NAT) or firewalls for multimedia applications. It may be used with the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP). It is most useful for clients on networks masqueraded by symmetric NAT devices.