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Positive airway pressure (PAP) is a mode of respiratory ventilation used in the treatment of sleep apnea.PAP ventilation is also commonly used for those who are critically ill in hospital with respiratory failure, in newborn infants (), and for the prevention and treatment of atelectasis in patients with difficulty taking deep breaths.
Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the use of breathing support administered through a face mask, nasal mask, or a helmet.Air, usually with added oxygen, is given through the mask under positive pressure; generally the amount of pressure is alternated depending on whether someone is breathing in or out.
Some CPAP machines have other features as well, such as heated humidifiers, [15] and Bluetooth connectivity to allow data from during sleep to be viewed with a smartphone app. [16] The therapy is an alternative to positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP).
The term APRV has also been used in American journals where, from the ventilation characteristics, BIPAP would have been perfectly good terminology. [10] But BiPAP(tm) is a trademark for a noninvasive ventilation mode in a specific ventilator (Respironics Inc.). Other manufacturers have followed with their own brand names (BILEVEL, DUOPAP, BIVENT).
Airway pressure release ventilation (APRV) is a pressure control mode of mechanical ventilation that utilizes an inverse ratio ventilation strategy. APRV is an applied continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) that at a set timed interval releases the applied pressure. Depending on the ventilator manufacturer, it may be referred to as BiVent.
Determined by the type of ventilation needed, the patient-end of the circuit may be either noninvasive or invasive. Noninvasive methods, such as continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and non-invasive ventilation , which are adequate for patients who require a ventilator only while sleeping and resting, mainly employ a nasal mask.
Patients can speak during use of high-flow therapy. As this is a non-invasive therapy, it avoids the risk of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Use of nasal high flow in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure does not affect mortality or length of stay either in hospital or in the intensive care unit.
One treatment for obstructive hypopnea is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). CPAP is a treatment in which the patient wears a mask over the nose and/or mouth. An air blower forces air through the upper airway. The air pressure is adjusted so that it is just enough to maintain the oxygen saturation levels in the blood.