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Encouraging beneficial insects, by providing suitable living conditions, is a pest control strategy, often used in organic farming, organic gardening or integrated pest management. Companies specializing in biological pest control sell many types of beneficial insects, particularly for use in enclosed areas, like greenhouses .
Research suggests potential toxicity to honey bees and other beneficial insects even with low levels of exposure, with sublethal effects that negatively impact the survival of colonies. In lab studies, neonicotinoids were shown to increase mortality rates [ 103 ] and negatively affect the ability to fly [ 104 ] and forage in exposed bees. [ 105 ]
Insects are considered pests for a variety of reasons, including direct damage by feeding on crop plants in the field or by infesting stored products, indirect damage by spreading viral diseases of crop plants (especially by sucking insects such as leafhoppers), spreading disease among humans and livestock, and annoyance to humans.
Beneficial insects can include predators (such as ladybugs) of pest insects, and pollinators (such as bees, which are an integral part of the growth cycle of many crops).). Increasingly certain species of insects are managed and used to intervene where natural pollination or biological control is insufficient, usually due to human disturbance of the balance of established ecosys
Some organic farms may use less pesticides and thus biodiversity fitness and population density may benefit. [4] Larger farms however tend to use pesticides more liberally and in some cases to larger extent than conventional farms. [5] Many weed species attract beneficial insects that improve soil qualities and forage on weed pests. [6]
Because of their specificity, these pesticides are regarded as environmentally friendly, with little or no effect on humans, wildlife, pollinators, and most other beneficial insects, and are used in organic farming; [28] however, the manuals for these products do contain many environmental and human health warnings, [40] [41] and a 2012 ...