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The pre-Classical and Classical periods saw a number of cities laid out according to fixed plans, though many tended to develop organically. Designed cities were characteristic of the Minoan, Mesopotamian, Harrapan, and Egyptian civilisations of the third millennium BC (see Urban planning in ancient Egypt).
In 1909, the first National Conference on City Planning was held in Washington D.C. [7] Dominating the conference, Benjamin C. Marshall urged the government to conduct a 'civic census' to study the state of American cities, educate the public on its findings, and establish a national city-planning committee. [7]
"The State of the Art in North American Urban History," Journal of Urban History (2006) 32#4 pp 582–597, identifies a loss of influence by such writers as Lewis Mumford, Robert Caro, and Sam Warner, a continuation of the emphasis on narrow, modern time periods, and a general decline in the importance of the field. Comments by Timothy Gilfoyle ...
Urban history is a field of history that examines the historical nature of cities and towns, and the process of urbanization.The approach is often multidisciplinary, crossing boundaries into fields like social history, architectural history, urban sociology, urban geography, business history, and archaeology.
The Midwestern and Western United States became urban majority in the 1910s, while the Southern United States only became urban-majority after World War II, in the 1950s. [2] The Western U.S. is the most urbanized part of the country today, followed closely by the Northeastern United States.
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The first urban planning course in America was not established until 1924 at Harvard University. Professionals developed schemes for the development of land, transforming town planning into a new area of expertise. In the 20th century, urban planning was changed by the automobile industry. Car-oriented design impacted the rise of 'urban design'.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to urban planning: . Urban planning – technical and political process that is focused on the development and design of land use and the built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such as transportation, communications, and distribution networks and their accessibility.