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Physical capital represents in economics one of the three primary factors of production. Physical capital is the apparatus used to produce a good and services. Physical capital represents the tangible man-made goods that help and support the production. Inventory, cash, equipment or real estate are all examples of physical capital.
Adam Smith defined capital as "that part of man's stock which he expects to afford him revenue". In economic models, capital is an input in the production function. The total physical capital at any given moment in time is referred to as the capital stock (not to be confused with the capital stock of a business entity).
Thus, an historical data series is obtained for the growth of the capital stock over a period of time. In so doing, assumptions are made about the real rate of price inflation, realistic depreciation rates, average service lives of physical capital assets, and so on.
For example, if a country's stock of physical capital on January 1, 2010 is 20 machines and on January 1, 2011 is 23 machines, then the flow of net investment during 2010 was 3 machines per year. If it then has 27 machines on January 1, 2012, the flow of net investment during 2010 and 2011 averaged 3 1 2 {\displaystyle 3{\tfrac {1}{2 ...
In macroeconomics, investment "consists of the additions to the nation's capital stock of buildings, equipment, software, and inventories during a year" [1] or, alternatively, investment spending — "spending on productive physical capital such as machinery and construction of buildings, and on changes to inventories — as part of total spending" on goods and services per year.
The following is a list of publicly traded companies having the greatest market capitalization, sometimes described as their "market value": [1]. Market capitalization is calculated by multiplying the share price on a selected day and the number of outstanding shares on that day.
Image source: Getty Images. Nvidia's valuation has come down. The price-to-earnings (P/E) ratio is a well-known financial metric that divides a stock's price by earnings per share (EPS). The P/E ...
The following list sorts countries by the total market capitalization of all domestic companies [clarification needed] listed in the country, according to data from the World Bank. Market capitalization, commonly called market cap, is the market value of a publicly traded company's outstanding shares. [1]