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For example, in a quark–gluon plasma or other QCD matter, at every point in space there is a chemical potential for photons, a chemical potential for electrons, a chemical potential for baryon number, electric charge, and so forth.
A ChemFET is a chemically-sensitive field-effect transistor, that is a field-effect transistor used as a sensor for measuring chemical concentrations in solution. [1] When the target analyte concentration changes, the current through the transistor will change accordingly. [2] Here, the analyte solution separates the source and gate electrodes. [3]
These two examples show that an electrical potential and a chemical potential can both give the same result: A redistribution of the chemical species. Therefore, it makes sense to combine them into a single "potential", the electrochemical potential , which can directly give the net redistribution taking both into account.
Band diagram for Schottky barrier at equilibrium Band diagram for semiconductor heterojunction at equilibrium In solid-state physics of semiconductors , a band diagram is a diagram plotting various key electron energy levels ( Fermi level and nearby energy band edges) as a function of some spatial dimension, which is often denoted x . [ 1 ]
When a semiconductor is in thermal equilibrium, the distribution function of the electrons at the energy level of E is presented by a Fermi–Dirac distribution function. In this case the Fermi level is defined as the level in which the probability of occupation of electron at that energy is 1 ⁄ 2. In thermal equilibrium, there is no need to ...
The relative activity of a species i, denoted a i, is defined [4] [5] as: = where μ i is the (molar) chemical potential of the species i under the conditions of interest, μ o i is the (molar) chemical potential of that species under some defined set of standard conditions, R is the gas constant, T is the thermodynamic temperature and e is the exponential constant.
In this case, the chemical potential of a body is the infinitesimal amount of work needed to increase the average number of electrons by an infinitesimal amount (even though the number of electrons at any time is an integer, the average number varies continuously.): ( ,) = ( ), where F(N, T) is the free energy function of the grand canonical ...
The former condition corresponds, in a real experiment, to keeping the metal/fluid in electrical contact with a fixed potential difference with ground. The chemical potential μ is, by definition, the energy of adding an extra electron to the fluid. This energy may be decomposed into a kinetic energy T part and the potential energy −eφ part.