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Rus' land/Ruthenia in yellow, Kievan Rus' under Oleg the Wise in gray, 862-912. Ruthenia [a] is an exonym, originally used in Medieval Latin, as one of several terms for Rus'. [1] Originally, the term Rus' land referred to a triangular area, which mainly corresponds to the tribe of Polans in Dnieper Ukraine. [2]
The Principality or, from 1253, Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, [a] also known as the Kingdom of Ruthenia or Kingdom of Rus', [2] [b] also Kingdom of Halych–Volhynian [c] was a medieval state in Eastern Europe which existed from 1199 to 1349.
Map of the Principality of Galicia in the 13th century, which formed the nucleus of what later became Galicia Annexation of the Kingdom of Ruthenia by the Kingdom of Poland as part of the Galicia–Volhynia Wars (1340–1392) The name of the region in the local languages is: Ukrainian: Галичина; romanized: Halychyna; Polish: Galicja
The name Carpathian Ruthenia is sometimes used for the contiguous cross-border area of Ukraine, Slovakia and Poland inhabited by Ruthenians.The local Ruthenian population self-identifies in different ways: some consider themselves to be a separate and unique Slavic group of Rusyns and some consider themselves to be both Rusyns and Ukrainians.
The Ruthenian nobility (Ukrainian: Руська шляхта, romanized: Ruska shlyakhta; Belarusian: Руская шляхта, romanized: Ruskaja šlachta; Polish: szlachta ruska) originated in the territories of Kievan Rus' and Galicia–Volhynia, which were incorporated into the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and later the Russian and Austrian Empires.
The Gesta Hungarorum (c. 1280) stated that the Carpathian mountains between Hungary and Halych were situated in finibus Ruthenie ("on the borders of Ruthenia"). [ 3 ] Galicia–Volhynia declined by mid-14th century due to the Galicia–Volhynia Wars after the poisoning of king Yuri II Boleslav by local Ruthenian nobles in 1340.
On the 1712 map of French cartographer Henri Chatelain "Russie noire" (Black Ruthenia) is placed in region of Eastern Galicia (today Western Ukraine), which traditionally known as "Russie rouge" (Red Ruthenia). White Russia (French: Russie Blanche) in white on a map by French cartographer Henri Chatelain in 1712.
The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: Palatinatus russiae; Polish: Województwo ruskie; Ukrainian: Руське воєводство, romanized: Ruske voievodstvo) was a voivodeship of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland from 1434 until the First Partition of Poland in 1772, [1] with its center in the city of Lwów (lat. Leopolis) (modern day Lviv).