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The GEF SOS1 activates Ras, whose target is the kinase Raf. Raf is a proto-oncogene because mutations in this protein have been found in many cancers. [6] [13] The Rho GTPase Vav1, which can be activated by the GEF receptor, has been shown to promote tumor proliferation in pancreatic cancer. [18]
Reaction of GeF 4 with fluoride sources produces GeF 5 − anions with octahedral coordination around Ge atom due to polymerization. [6] The structural characterization of a discrete trigonal bipyramidal GeF 5 − anion was achieved by a "naked" fluoride reagent 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium fluoride.
Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) 4 (RAPGEF4), also known as exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (EPAC2) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RAPGEF4 gene. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] [ 7 ]
The inactive form of GTPases (GDP-form) are activated by a class of proteins called Guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). GEFs catalyse nucleotide exchange by encouraging the release of GDP from the small GTPase (by displacement of the small GTPase-associated Mg 2+ ion) and GDP's replacement by GTP (which is in at least a 10-fold excess within the cell) .
RhoGEF domain describes two distinct structural domains with guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity to regulate small GTPases in the Rho family.Rho small GTPases are inactive when bound to GDP but active when bound to GTP; RhoGEF domains in proteins are able to promote GDP release and GTP binding to activate specific Rho family members, including RhoA, Rac1 and Cdc42.
SOS1 is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) which interacts with Ras proteins to phosphorylate GDP into GTP, or from an inactive state to an active state to signal cell proliferation. RAS genes (e.g., MIM 190020) encode membrane-bound guanine nucleotide-binding proteins that function in the transduction of signals that control cell ...
Without this GEF, GDP cannot be exchanged for GTP, and translation is repressed. One example of this is the eIF2α-induced translation repression that occurs in reticulocytes when starved for iron. In the case of viral infection, protein kinase R (PKR) phosphorylates eIF2α when dsRNA is detected in many multicellular organisms, leading to cell ...
Germanium tetrafluoride, GeF 4, a colorless molecular gas Index of chemical compounds with the same name This set index article lists chemical compounds articles associated with the same name.