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Electrolysis of water is the decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen (H 2): [2] Water electrolysis ship Hydrogen Challenger. Production of hydrogen from water is energy intensive. Usually, the electricity consumed is more valuable than the hydrogen produced, so this method has not been widely used.
High-pressure electrolysis is being investigated by the DOE for efficient production of hydrogen from water. The target total in 2005 is $4.75 per gge H 2 at an efficiency of 64%. [10] The total goal for the DOE in 2010 is $2.85 per gge H 2 at an efficiency of 75%. [11] As of 2005 the DOE provided a total of $1,563,882 worth of funding for ...
Considering the industrial production of hydrogen, and using current best processes for water electrolysis (PEM or alkaline electrolysis) which have an effective electrical efficiency of 70–80%, [68] [73] [74] producing 1 kg of hydrogen (which has a specific energy of 143 MJ/kg) requires 50–55 kW⋅h (180–200 MJ) of electricity.
The biological hydrogen production with algae is a method of photobiological water splitting which is done in a closed photobioreactor based on the production of hydrogen as a solar fuel by algae. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] Algae produce hydrogen under certain conditions.
High pressure electrolysis is the electrolysis of water by decomposition of water (H 2 O) into oxygen (O 2) and hydrogen gas (H 2) by means of an electric current being passed through the water. The difference with a standard electrolyzer is the compressed hydrogen output around 120–200 bar (1740–2900 psi , 12–20 MPa ). [ 146 ]
As part of a sustainable hydrogen economy, photoelectrolysis presents a promising avenue for clean hydrogen production. Although currently more expensive than traditional methods like steam methane reforming, the potential for technological advancements could make it more economically viable.
Hydrogen, as atomic H, is the most abundant chemical element in the universe, making up 75% of normal matter by mass and >90% by number of atoms. [101] In astrophysics, neutral hydrogen in the interstellar medium is called H I and ionized hydrogen is called H II. [102] Radiation from stars ionizes H I to H II, creating spheres of ionized H II ...
Liquid hydrogen (H 2 (l)) is the liquid state of the element hydrogen. Hydrogen is found naturally in the molecular H 2 form. [4] To exist as a liquid, H 2 must be cooled below its critical point of 33 K. However, for it to be in a fully liquid state at atmospheric pressure, H 2 needs to be cooled to 20.28 K (−252.87 °C; −423.17 °F). [5]