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Exercise induced amenorrhoea occurs in 5-25% of athletes and 1.8% of the general population. The incidence is higher in marathon runners and is more frequent in women who weigh less and were slightly younger. [2] Exercise amenorrhoea has also been reported in ballet dancers, cyclists, swimmers and those involved in non-weight bearing sports. [1]
In athletes that engage in such sports, the pressure to perform promotes excessive dieting and other disordered eating habits, as athletes try to conform to expected weight patterns. More severe examples of disordered eating habits may include binge-eating ; purging ; and the use of diet-pills , laxatives , diuretics , and enemas .
Around 8,000 children are rushed to the emergency room daily because of sports injuries. [38] High school athletes sustain approximately 715,000 injuries annually. In American football, for instance, five times as many catastrophic injuries happen in high school as in college-level competition. [39]
Acupressure; Acupuncture; Alkaline diet; Anthroposophic medicine; Apitherapy; Applied kinesiology; Aromatherapy; Association for Research and Enlightenment
In the U.S. CAM is used by an estimated 20–40% of healthy children, 30–70% of children with special health care needs, and 52–95% of children with autism, and a 2009 survey of U.S. primary care physicians found that more of them recommended than discouraged multivitamins, essential fatty acids, melatonin, and probiotics as CAM treatments ...
Amenorrhea or amenorrhoea is the absence of a menstrual period in a female who has reached reproductive age. [1] Physiological states of amenorrhoea are most commonly seen during pregnancy and lactation ( breastfeeding ).
Compared to non-exercising women, whose rate of amenorrhea is 2-5%, the rate of amenorrhea in competitive and recreational athletes ranges from 2-46%; it is also common for women with highly active jobs who do not engage in exercise to also have menstrual dysfunction. [10]
In 2007, a group of athletes, coaches, volunteers, and parents based in San Diego split from Special Olympics Southern California to gain local control over disabled athletics programs. [14] This group – SPORTS for Exceptional Athletes (S4EA) – serves people with developmental disabilities within the age range of 5 years old through adults.