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A(B) and A(V) are the total extinction at the B and V filter bands. Another measure used in the literature is the absolute extinction A(λ)/A(V) at wavelength λ, comparing the total extinction at that wavelength to that at the V band. R(V) is known to be correlated with the average size of the dust grains causing the extinction.
Cosmic dust – also called extraterrestrial dust, space dust, or star dust – is dust that occurs in outer space or has fallen onto Earth. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Most cosmic dust particles measure between a few molecules and 0.1 mm (100 μm ), such as micrometeoroids (<30 μm) and meteoroids (>30 μm). [ 3 ]
In Saturn's magnetosphere the active moon Enceladus at 4 (= 6.0 × 10 4 km is Saturn's radius) is a source of oxygen and water ions at a density of 10 9 m −3 and an energy 5 eV. Dust particles are charged to a surface potential of -1 and -2 V. Outside 4 the ion energy increases to 100 eV and the resulting surface potential rises to +5 V. [166 ...
Galactic Energy (Chinese: 星河动力) is a Chinese private space launch enterprise flying the Ceres-1 [1] [2] [3] and developing the Pallas-1 orbital rockets. The company's long-term objective is to mine asteroids for rare metals and minerals .
A comparison of this value with the apparent magnitude allows the approximate distance to be determined, after correcting for interstellar extinction of the luminosity because of gas and dust. In a gravitationally-bound star cluster such as the Hyades, the stars formed at approximately the same age and lie at the same distance. This allows ...
An interstellar cloud is generally an accumulation of gas, plasma, and dust in our and other galaxies. But differently, an interstellar cloud is a denser-than-average region of the interstellar medium , the matter and radiation that exists in the space between the star systems in a galaxy.
The Sun's passage through the higher density spiral arms of the galaxy, rather than its passage through the plane of the galaxy, could hypothetically coincide with mass extinction on Earth. [5] However, a reanalysis of the effects of the Sun's transit through the spiral structure based on CO data has failed to find a correlation.
Dust may affect intergalactic distance measurements, such as supernovae and quasars in other galaxies. [2] Partially due to the dust's absorption and re-emission of visible light, observations of more distant astronomical objects have greater apparent magnitude when conducted in infrared .