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Mineral processing is the process of separating commercially valuable minerals from their ores in the field of extractive metallurgy. [1] Depending on the processes used in each instance, it is often referred to as ore dressing or ore milling .
In metallurgy, refining consists of purifying an impure metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining the final material is chemically identical to the raw material.
Smelting uses heat and a chemical reducing agent to decompose the ore, driving off other elements as gases or slag and leaving the metal behind. The reducing agent is commonly a fossil-fuel source of carbon, such as carbon monoxide from incomplete combustion of coke—or, in earlier times, of charcoal. [1]
Surface mining of zinc is typically used for oxide ores, while underground mining yields zinc sulfide ores. [12] Some of the common methods of zinc mining are open pit mining, open stope, and cut and fill mining: [12] [8] [13] [14] Open-pit mining: Surface mining involves the removal of waste rock from above an ore deposit before it can be ...
Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
Gold cyanidation (also known as the cyanide process or the MacArthur–Forrest process) is a hydrometallurgical technique for extracting gold from low-grade ore through conversion to a water-soluble coordination complex.
Roasted gold ore from Cripple Creek, Colorado. Roasting has driven off the tellurium from the original calaverite, leaving behind vesicular blebs of native gold. Roasting is a process of heating a sulfide ore to a high temperature in the presence of air. It is a step in the processing of certain ores.
Kick's law, which related the energy to the sizes of the feed particles and the product particles; [5] Bond's law , which assumes that the total work useful in breakage is inversely proportional to the square root of the diameter of the product particles, [implying] theoretically that the work input varies as the length of the new cracks made ...