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Colombia–Venezuela relations refers to the diplomatic relations between the South American neighboring countries of Colombia and Venezuela. The relationship has developed since the early 16th century, when Spanish colonizers created the Province of Santa Marta (now Colombia) [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and the Province of New Andalucia (now Venezuela). [ 3 ]
The Colombia–Venezuela border is an international border of 2219 kilometers (1378 mi) between Colombia and Venezuela, with a total of 603 milestones that demarcate the line. [1] It is the longest border of both Colombia and Venezuela. The border, at least in its terrestrial part, was essentially demarcated by two treaties: the Spanish ...
In 1821, Mexico gained independence from Spain and administered Guatemala (and most of Central America) during the First Mexican Empire. In 1823, the empire collapsed and Guatemala joined the United Provinces of Central America , however, the Guatemalan region of Chiapas chose to separate from Guatemala and joined Mexico as a state.
Much of the background of the Colombian conflict is rooted in La Violencia, a conflict in which liberal and leftist parties united against the dictator of Colombia, Gustavo Rojas Pinilla. Colombia at the time was a banana republic dominated by foreign monopolies, specifically, the United Fruit Company .
At the same time, the United States and Mexican governments competed for political influence in Central America. As a result, the U.S. Government intervened more directly in Nicaraguan affairs in two separate but related incidents in 1911 and 1912, with the objective of ensuring the rule of a government friendly to U.S. political and commercial ...
In August 2007, after two years of diplomatic absence in either country, normal relations were re-established with the appointment of former foreign minister Roy Chaderton as Venezuela's envoy in Mexico City and the transfer of Jesús Mario Chacón Carrillo, formerly Mexican ambassador to Colombia, to Caracas. [84] Mexico has an embassy in Caracas.
At the same time, Venezuela sees Colombia as threatening because of its frequent paramilitary incursions across the border and Colombia's connection to the United States. The 2008 Andean crisis and the 2010 diplomatic crisis are good examples of how rapidly tensions can flare between the two countries and result in a delicate security situation.
The Catatumbo campaign has been an ongoing period of strategic violence between militia faction groups in the Catatumbo region of Colombia and Venezuela since January 2018. It is an extension of the war on drugs and developed after the Colombian peace process of 2016.