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Johann Heinrich “Henry” Gugler also known as Henry Gugler (September 27, 1816 - September 6, 1880) was an engraver for the US Bureau of Engraving and Printing. His most important work was an engraving of Abraham Lincoln. The Lincoln engraving was used on the United States five-dollar bill beginning with the Series of 1928.
Joseph Andrew Jackson Lightburn (September 21, 1824 – May 17, 1901) was a West Virginia farmer, soldier and Baptist Minister, most famous for his service as a Union general during the American Civil War.
The slate and stylus are tools used by blind people to write text that they can read without assistance. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Invented by Charles Barbier as the tool for writing letters that could be read by touch, [ 3 ] the slate and stylus allow for a quick, easy, convenient and constant method of making embossed printing for Braille character encoding .
The writing slate consisted of a piece of slate, typically either 4x6 inches or 7x10 inches, encased in a wooden frame. [1] Split slate was prepared by scraping with a steel edge, grinding with a flat stone and, finally, polishing with a mix of slate powder in water. Pencils were of a softer stone, such as shale, chalk or soapstone. [2]
Drafting pantograph in use Pantograph used for scaling a picture. The red shape is traced and enlarged. Pantograph 3d rendering. A pantograph (from Greek παντ- ' all, every ' and γραφ- ' to write ', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one pen, in tracing an image, produces identical ...
Engraving had been used by goldsmiths to decorate metalwork, including armor, musical instruments and religious objects since ancient times, and the niello technique, which involved rubbing an alloy into the lines to give a contrasting color, also goes back to late antiquity. Scholars and practitioners of printmaking have suggested that the ...
The pressure exerted by the press on the paper pushes it into the engraved lines and prints the image made by those lines. In an intaglio print, the engraved lines print black. Wood engraving is a relief printing technique, with the images made by carving into fine-grained hardwood blocks. Ink is rolled onto the surface of the block, dry paper ...
Scratchboard or scraperboard or scratch art [1] is a form of direct engraving where the artist scratches off dark ink to reveal a white or colored layer beneath. The technique uses sharp knives and tools for engraving into the scratchboard, which is usually cardboard covered in a thin layer of white China clay coated with black India ink.