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Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
The reaction is a three-step one-pot process in which the alcohol first undergoes a Mitsunobu reaction with ortho-nitrobenzenesulfonylhydrazine in the presence of triphenylphosphine and diethyl azodicarboxylate. Unlike hydrazone-synthesis reactions, this reaction occurs on the same nitrogen of the hydrazine that has the arenesulfonyl substituent.
The final step in the reduction of carboxylic acids and esters is hydrolysis of the aluminium alcoxide. [8] Esters (and amides) are more easily reduced than the parent carboxylic acids. Their reduction affords alcohols and amines, respectively. [9] The idealized equation for the reduction of an ester by lithium aluminium hydride is:
The Wharton olefin synthesis or the Wharton reaction is a chemical reaction that involves the reduction of α,β-epoxy ketones using hydrazine to give allylic alcohols. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This reaction, introduced in 1961 by P. S. Wharton, is an extension of the Wolff–Kishner reduction .
The Bouveault–Blanc reduction is a chemical reaction in which an ester is reduced to primary alcohols using absolute ethanol and sodium metal. [1] It was first reported by Louis Bouveault and Gustave Louis Blanc in 1903. [2] [3] [4] Bouveault and Blanc demonstrated the reduction of ethyl oleate and n-butyl oleate to oleyl alcohol. [5]
Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement. The reaction mechanism [5] begins with the protonation of the alcohol which leaves in an E1 reaction to form the allene from the alkyne.Attack of a water molecule on the carbocation and deprotonation is followed by tautomerization to give the α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound.
Luche reduction is the selective organic reduction of α,β-unsaturated ketones to allylic alcohols. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The active reductant is described as "cerium borohydride", which is generated in situ from NaBH 4 and CeCl 3 (H 2 O) 7 .
In chemistry, an alcohol (from Arabic al-kuḥl 'the kohl'), [2] is a type of organic compound that carries at least one hydroxyl (−OH) functional group bound to a saturated carbon atom. [3] [4] Alcohols range from the simple, like methanol and ethanol, to complex, like sugar alcohols and cholesterol. The presence of an OH group strongly ...