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Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [7] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [7] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure.
An antianginal is a drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris, a symptom of ischaemic heart disease. Myocardial ischemia arises from the dysfunction of coronary macrovascular or microvascular components, leading to a compromised supply of oxygen and nutrients to the myocardium. The underlying pathophysiological mechanisms encompass a range ...
An equianalgesic chart can be a useful tool, but the user must take care to correct for all relevant variables such as route of administration, cross tolerance, half-life and the bioavailability of a drug. [5] For example, the narcotic levorphanol is 4–8 times stronger than morphine, but also has a much longer half-life. Simply switching the ...
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists are also used for treatment of ureteric stones, pain and panic disorders, withdrawal, and anesthesia. [ 36 ] [ 37 ] Beta blockers are used to treat acute cardiovascular toxicity (e.g. in overdose ) caused by sympathomimetics , for instance caused by amphetamine , methamphetamine , cocaine , ephedrine , and other ...
According to a network meta-analysis of cost-effectiveness studies the mean weight cost of coronary artery bypass grafting per patient is $27,003 and $28,670 at one and three years respectively, whereas three years’ worth of medical treatment costs $13,864 per patient. [17]
"Pain ladder", or analgesic ladder, was created by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a guideline for the use of drugs in the management of pain. Originally published in 1986 for the management of cancer pain , it is now widely used by medical professionals for the management of all types of pain .