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These ridges are formed by intramuscular tendons of the subscapularis muscle. [1] The costal or ventral surface of the scapula presents a broad concavity, the subscapular fossa. The medial two-thirds of the fossa are marked by several oblique ridges, which run lateralward and upward.
The subscapularis is covered by a dense fascia which attaches to the scapula at the margins of the subscapularis' attachment (origin) on the scapula. [1] The muscle's fibers pass laterally from its origin before coalescing into a tendon of insertion. [citation needed] The tendon intermingles with the glenohumeral (shoulder) joint capsule. [1]
3 Additional images. 4 References. ... subscapularis muscle. [2] It usually gives 4 branches to innervate the subscapularis, and can give up to 8 branches. [1]
Biceps muscle. The rotator cuff (SITS muscles) is a group of muscles and their tendons that act to stabilize the human shoulder and allow for its extensive range of motion. Of the seven scapulohumeral muscles, four make up the rotator cuff. The four muscles are: supraspinatus muscle; infraspinatus muscle; teres minor muscle; subscapularis muscle.
Hawkins–Kennedy test: a positive test indicates shoulder impingement syndrome; Empty beer can test: a positive test indicates rotator cuff tear, specifically, supraspinatus muscle tear; Drop arm test: a positive test indicates a supraspinatus tear; External Rotation test: a positive test indicates an infraspinatus or teres minor tear
Together, these keep the humeral head in the glenoid cavity, preventing upward migration of the humeral head caused by the pull of the deltoid muscle at the beginning of arm elevation. The infraspinatus and the teres minor, along with the anterior fibers of the deltoid muscle, are responsible for external rotation of the arm. [6]
The quadrangular space is a clinically important anatomic space in the arm as it provides the anterior regions of the axilla a passageway to the posterior regions. In the quadrangular space, the axillary nerve and the posterior humeral circumflex artery can be compressed or damaged due to space-occupying lesions or disruption in the anatomy due to trauma.
The axons which form the upper subscapular nerve travel from the ventral rami of C5 and C6. [1] They join at the upper trunk and move through its posterior division to form the posterior cord, along with the other two posterior divisions of the middle and lower trunks. [1]