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The treatment of hyponatremia depends on the underlying cause. [12] How quickly treatment is required depends on a person's symptoms. [12] Fluids are typically the cornerstone of initial management. [12] In those with severe disease an increase in sodium of about 5 mmol/L over one to four hours is recommended. [12]
Systemic infection with high fever is a common cause of seizures, especially in children. [3] [25] These are called febrile seizures and occur in 2–5% of children between the ages of six months and five years. [26] [25] Acute infection of the brain, such as encephalitis or meningitis are also causes of seizures. [3]
However, for the majority of seizures, the cause is unable to be determined. [1] Factors that may contribute to a seizure episode include head injuries, recent fever or infection, concurrent health conditions, and medication. There are many different symptoms to look for in epilepsy in children, of which can vary based on the seizure type.
Treatment with anticonvulsant drugs is not necessary but they are often prescribed and are effective at controlling the seizures. Sodium channel blockers in particular have been shown to be effective for benign infantile epilepsy. [3] This form of epilepsy resolves after one or two years, and appears to be completely benign.
Hypernatremia (high blood sodium level, above 145 mEq/L) causes thirst, and due to brain cell shrinkage may cause confusion, muscle twitching, or spasms. With severe elevation, seizures and comas may occur. [11] [12] Death can be caused by ingestion of large amounts of salt at a time (about 1 g per kg of body weight). [13]
Unsuppressed ADH causes a physiologically inappropriate increase in solute-free water being reabsorbed by the tubules of the kidney to the venous circulation leading to hypotonic hyponatremia (a low plasma osmolality and low sodium levels). [2] The causes of SIADH are commonly grouped into categories including: central nervous system diseases ...
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