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The known maternal risk factors for autism diagnosis in her offspring are similar to the risk factors for sleep apnea. For example, advanced maternal age, maternal obesity , maternal type 2 diabetes and maternal hypertension all increase the risk of autism in her offspring.
There is an association between living near a freeway and risk of autism. [4] No association was found between blood levels of mercury and autism among a group of children studied at two-to-five years of age. [5] There is an association between exposure to traffic-related air pollution and autism risk. [6]
Several prenatal and perinatal complications have been reported as possible risk factors for autism. [205] These risk factors include maternal gestational diabetes, maternal and paternal age over 30, [206] [207] [208] bleeding during pregnancy after the first trimester, use of certain prescription medication (e.g. valproate) during pregnancy ...
Some research suggests that a particularly intense immune reaction during gestation might increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
Having the flu during pregnancy increases the odds of preterm birth and birth defects, and some studies have also linked bacterial and viral infections during pregnancy to a risk of autism and ...
The scientific study of the causes of developmental disorders involves many theories. Some of the major differences between these theories involves whether environment disrupts normal development, if abnormalities are pre-determined, or if they are products of human evolutionary history which become disorders in modern environments (see evolutionary psychiatry). [5]
Among these measurements, the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) are considered the "gold standards" for assessing autistic children. [ 24 ] [ 25 ] The ADI-R is a semi-structured parent interview that probes for symptoms of autism by evaluating a child's current behavior and ...
The number of children on the autism spectrum has increased dramatically since the 1980s, at least partly due to changes in diagnostic practice; it is unclear whether prevalence has actually increased; [3] and as-yet-unidentified environmental risk factors cannot be ruled out. [4] The risk of autism is associated with several prenatal factors ...