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Diabetes in the mother during pregnancy is a significant risk factor for autism; a 2009 meta-analysis found that gestational diabetes was associated with a twofold increased risk. A 2014 review also found that maternal diabetes was significantly associated with an increased risk of autism. [55]
Maternal use of folic acid supplements may be associated with a decreased risk of autism. However, the researchers cautioned that further research is warranted to confirm or refute this finding. [8] Maternal fever during pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of autism in her child. [9]
Several prenatal and perinatal complications have been reported as possible risk factors for autism. [205] These risk factors include maternal gestational diabetes, maternal and paternal age over 30, [206] [207] [208] bleeding during pregnancy after the first trimester, use of certain prescription medication (e.g. valproate) during pregnancy ...
Some research suggests that a particularly intense immune reaction during gestation might increase the risk of neurodevelopmental ... increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders like autism.
If a child does not meet any of the following milestones, it "is an absolute indication to proceed with further evaluations. Delay in referral for such testing may delay early diagnosis and treatment and affect the [child's] long-term outcome." [22] No response to name (or gazing with direct eye contact) by 6 months. [27] No babbling by 12 months.
A meta-analysis demonstrated that polymorphism of the MTHFR C677T genotype is correlated with an ASD diagnosis in children from countries lacking food fortification. [39] While MTHFR is a proposed genetic factor for ASD, there is limited clinical evidence from testing for MTHFR gene polymorphisms in the diagnostic setting. [40]
The ICD-10 criteria for childhood autism postulate that abnormal or impaired development is evident before the age of 3 in receptive or expressive language used in social communication, development of selective social attachments or reciprocal social interactions, or functional and symbolic play.
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