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  2. Affirmation and negation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affirmation_and_negation

    An example is Japanese, which conjugates verbs in the negative after adding the suffix -nai (indicating negation), e.g. taberu ("eat") and tabenai ("do not eat"). It could be argued that English has joined the ranks of these languages, since negation requires the use of an auxiliary verb and a distinct syntax in most cases; the form of the ...

  3. Assertiveness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assertiveness

    Assertiveness is the quality of being self-assured and confident without being aggressive to defend a right point of view or a relevant statement. In the field of psychology and psychotherapy, it is a skill that can be learned and a mode of communication.

  4. Illocutionary act - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illocutionary_act

    In English, for example, the interrogative is supposed to indicate that the utterance is (intended as) a question; the directive indicates that the utterance is (intended as) a directive illocutionary act (an order, a request, etc.); the words "I promise" are supposed to indicate that the utterance is (intended as) a promise.

  5. Performative utterance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performative_utterance

    in order to command someone to leave the room then this utterance is part of the performance of a command; and the sentence, according to Austin, is neither true nor false; hence the sentence is a performative; – still, it is not an explicit performative, for it does not make explicit that the act the speaker is performing is a command.

  6. Grammatical mood - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_mood

    Old Rapa words are still used for the grammar and structure of the sentence or phrase, but most common content words were replaced with Tahitian. [18] The Reo Rapa language uses Tense–Aspect–Mood (TAM) in their sentence structure such as the imperfective TAM marker /e/ and the imperative TAM marker /a/. [18] For example:

  7. Sentence function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentence_function

    An exclamative is a sentence type in English that typically spontaneously expresses a feeling or emotion, but does not use one of the other structures. It often has the form as in the examples below of [WH + Complement + Subject + Verb], but can be minor sentences (i.e. without a verb) such as [WH + Complement] How wonderful!. In other words ...

  8. Intonation (linguistics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intonation_(linguistics)

    In linguistics, intonation is the variation in pitch used to indicate the speaker's attitudes and emotions, to highlight or focus an expression, to signal the illocutionary act performed by a sentence, or to regulate the flow of discourse. For example, the English question "Does Maria speak Spanish or French

  9. I-message - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I-message

    In interpersonal communication, an I-message or I-statement is an assertion about the feelings, beliefs, values, etc. of the person speaking, generally expressed as a sentence beginning with the word I, and is contrasted with a "you-message" or "you-statement", which often begins with the word you and focuses on the person spoken to.