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In radio engineering and telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is a measure of impedance matching of loads to the characteristic impedance of a transmission line or waveguide. Impedance mismatches result in standing waves along the transmission line, and SWR is defined as the ratio of the partial standing wave 's amplitude at an ...
Since most such codes correct only bit-flips, but not bit-insertions or bit-deletions, the Hamming distance metric is the appropriate way to measure the number of bit errors. Many FEC coders also continuously measure the current BER. A more general way of measuring the number of bit errors is the Levenshtein distance.
The male contact was designed to be the same size as the cable conductor so that it could be used as the mating pin for optimized VSWR. Common applications included Mil-Aero, telecommunications, RFID, antennas, test and measurement and radar systems. SMZ connector – System 43 (BT43 and High Density HD43) for use in DDF. This is a 75 ohm ...
Figure 1. Waveguide slotted line. Slotted lines are used for microwave measurements and consist of a movable probe inserted into a slot in a transmission line.They are used in conjunction with a microwave power source and usually, in keeping with their low-cost application, a low cost Schottky diode detector and VSWR meter rather than an expensive microwave power meter.
The STM-1 (Synchronous Transport Module level-1) is the SDH ITU-T fiber optic network transmission standard. It has a bit rate of 155.52 Mbit/s. Higher levels go up by a factor of 4 at a time: the other currently supported levels are STM-4, STM-16, STM-64 and STM-256.
Channel-associated signaling (CAS), also known as per-trunk signaling (PTS), is a form of digital communication signaling.As with most telecommunication signaling methods, it uses routing information to direct the payload of voice or data to its destination.
A CSU/DSU (channel service unit/data service unit) is a digital-interface device used to connect data terminal equipment (DTE), such as a router, to a digital circuit, such as a Digital Signal 1 (DS1) T1 line.
It has a bit rate of 622.080 Mbit/s. The STM-4 specification is designed to carry 7,680 8-bit "voice" frames every 125 micro-seconds for a total payload bit rate of 491.520 Mbit/s. The other levels defined by the SDH standard are STM-1 , STM-16 , STM-64 and STM-256 .