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The menaulion or menavlion (Greek: μεναύλιον), also menaulon or menavlon (μέναυλον) was a heavy spear with a length of 2.7 to 3.6 m (8 ft 10 in to 11 ft 10 in) [1] with a thick shaft, used by the Byzantine infantry as early as the 10th century AD, against enemy heavy cavalry. [2]
359, Execution of Roman General Barbatio, Recapture of Moguntiacum by Julian, Emperor Constantius II crosses the Danube at Brigetio and devastates the Quadian lands. [75] 365, Invasion of Roman Gaul by Alemanni, Alemanni leave with spoil and captives [76] 366, Alemanni invade Roman Gaul a second time [76]
Battle of Morbihan – Caesar defeats the Veneti in a sea battle. 55 BC – Caesar's first invasion of Britain – Caesar crosses the English Channel, winning a battle against the Celtic Britons, but achieves little else. 54 BC – Caesar's second invasion of Britain [5] – Caesar returns to Britain, and defeats Cassivellaunus.
By AD 100, the differential had narrowed dramatically. An auxiliary pedes was paid 20% less than his legionary counterpart at the time of Domitian (r. 81–96 AD) (but an eques cohortalis the same and an eques alaris 20% more). [163] General military pay was increased by 33% denarii under Domitian (r.81-96).
Legio X Fretensis ("Tenth legion of the Strait") was a legion of the Imperial Roman army.It was founded by the young Gaius Octavius (later to become Augustus Caesar) in 41/40 BC to fight during the period of civil war that started the dissolution of the Roman Republic.
While Roman citizens were recruited to the legions, the Latin and Italian allies were organised into alae (literally 'wings', because they were always posted on the flanks of the Roman line of battle). From the time of the Samnite Wars, when the number of legions levied each year was doubled to four, a normal consular army would contain two ...
Theodosius greeted the imperial court of Valentinian at Salonica. [6] Faced with the choice of avoiding a civil war or supporting Valentinian, Theodosius chose Valentinian. [7] Theodosius took his time gathering Alans, Goths, Huns, and Armenians into his army. [8] He planned to attack Maximus in Italy, while marching with the main army into ...
Legio XIII was levied by Julius Caesar in 57 BC, before marching against the Belgae, in one of his early interventions in intra-Gallic conflicts.During the Gallic Wars (58–51 BC), Legio XIII was present at the Battle against the Nervians, the Siege of Gergovia, and while not specifically mentioned in the sources, it is reasonable to assume that Legio XIII was also present for the Battle of ...