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Italy, also interested in Tunisia, protested, but did not risk a war with France. On May 12 of that year, Tunisia was officially made a French protectorate with the signature of the treaty of Bardo (Al Qasr as Sa'id)by Muhammad III as-Sadiq. [362] This gave France control of Tunisian governance and making it a de facto French protectorate.
In English, Tunisia before independence was also often called simply "Tunis", a name that persisted until the 1940s; [d] under French influence, the neologism "Tunisia", adapted from Tunisie, gradually took hold. [26] The adjective "Tunisian" first appeared in English in 1825; [37] the previous adjectival form was "Tunisine". [38]
The prehistoric, of course, seamlessly passes into the earliest historic. The first meeting of Phoenician and Berber occurred well to the east of Tunisia, well before the rise of Carthage: a tenth-century invasion of Phoenicia was led by a pharaoh of the Berbero-Libyan dynasty (the XXII) of Ancient Egypt.
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Tunisian-Venetian War (1784–1792) Beylik of Tunis: Republic of Venice: Victory. Tunisia victory. Republic of Venice pays huge compensation to Tunisia. 1793–95 Tripolitanian Civil War (1793–1795) Karamanli dynasty supporters Beylik of Tunis: Tripolitania Eyalet: Victory. Karamanli dynasty restored to the throne of Tripolitania
The French conquest of Tunisia occurred in two phases in 1881: the first (28 April – 12 May) consisting of the invasion and securing of the country before the signing of a treaty of protection, and the second (10 June – 28 October) consisting of the suppression of a rebellion.
In the early 7th century, the Byzantine Empire entered a period of serious crises that would alter the future of Tunisia. For centuries Byzantium's greatest enemy had been the Sassanid Persians, and the two powers were chronically at war with each other (the Roman-Persian Wars). The warfare was often intense but usually resulted in small border ...
Byzantine Empire, 650 A.D., still with its Exarchate of Carthage, yet after its recent loss of Syria (634-636) and of Egypt (639-641) to the Arabs of Islam.. After the initial period of the four rightly-guided caliphs (632-661) following the death of Muhammad (570-632), the ruling family of the Umayyads took firm control of the new Muslim state.