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Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS / PIMS-TS), or systemic inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 (SISCoV), is a rare systemic illness involving persistent fever and extreme inflammation following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19. [7]
Betacoronavirus hongkonense [1] ( commonly called Human coronavirus HKU1 abbreviated as HCoV-HKU1) is a species of coronavirus in humans and animals. It causes an upper respiratory disease with symptoms of the common cold, but can advance to pneumonia and bronchiolitis. [2] It was first discovered in January 2004 from one man in Hong Kong. [3]
Human coronavirus OC43 [1] (HCoV-OC43) is a member of the species Betacoronavirus 1, which infects humans and cattle. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The infecting coronavirus is an enveloped , positive-sense , single-stranded RNA virus that enters its host cell by binding to the N-acetyl-9-O-acetylneuraminic acid receptor . [ 4 ]
Alphacoronavirus amsterdamense [1] ( also called Human coronavirus NL63 abbreviated HCoV-NL63) is a species of coronavirus, specifically a Setracovirus from among the Alphacoronavirus genus. It was identified in late 2004 in patients in the Netherlands by Lia van der Hoek and Krzysztof Pyrc [ 2 ] using a novel virus discovery method VIDISCA. [ 3 ]
Echovirus is a polyphyletic group of viruses associated with enteric disease in humans. The name is derived from "enteric cytopathic human orphan virus".These viruses were originally not associated with disease, but many have since been identified as disease-causing agents.
Several explanations contributing to the milder COVID-19 symptoms experienced, in the acute phase, by children have been suggested, including: [16] [17] a lower expression of ACE-2 (the receptor used by SARS-CoV-2 for cell entry) in the respiratory tract in younger children; viral interference (e.g. by other coronaviruses)
Symptoms of COVID-19. Some less common symptoms of COVID-19 can be relatively non-specific; however the most common symptoms are fever, dry cough, and loss of taste and smell. [1] [22] Among those who develop symptoms, approximately one in five may become more seriously ill and have difficulty in breathing.
HCoV-229E is associated with a range of respiratory symptoms, ranging from the common cold to high-morbidity outcomes such as pneumonia and bronchiolitis.However, such high morbidity outcomes are almost always seen in cases with co-infection with other respiratory pathogens; there is a single published case report to date of a 229E infection that caused acute respiratory distress syndrome ...