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Inversions can happen either through ectopic recombination between repetitive sequences, or through chromosomal breakage followed by non-homologous end joining. [4] Inversions are of two types: paracentric and pericentric. Paracentric inversions do not include the centromere, and both breakpoints
Inversions that exclude the centromere are known as paracentric inversions, which result in unbalanced gametes after meiosis. [2] During prophase of meiosis I, homologous chromosomes form an inversion loop and crossover occurs. If a paracentric inversion has occurred, one of the products will be acentric, while the other product will be dicentric.
These differences in plumage result from a balanced chromosomal inversion polymorphism; in white-striped (WS) birds, one copy of chromosome 2 is partly inverted, while in tan-striped (TS) birds, both copies are uninverted. [41] The plumage differences are paralleled by differences in behavior and breeding strategy.
In other words, the difference between "the whole chromosome is a centrome" and "the chromosome has no centrome" is hazy and usage varies. Beyond "polycentricity" being used more about defects, there is no clear preference in other topics such as evolutionary origin or kinetochore distribution and detailed structure (e.g. as seen in tagging or ...
Such changes may involve several different classes of events, like deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations. Usually, these events are caused by a breakage in the DNA double helices at two different locations, followed by a rejoining of the broken ends to produce a new chromosomal arrangement of genes , different from the gene ...
While the idea of dorsoventral axis inversion appears to be supported by morphological and molecular data, others have proposed alternative plausible hypotheses (reviewed in Gerhart 2000). [1] One assumption of the inversion hypothesis is that the common ancestor of protostomes and chordates already possessed an organized central nervous system ...
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Fold-back inversions are chimeric sequences that span head-to-head arrangements of inverted tandem-duplicated segments, and are expected to appear in BFB modified genomes. In addition, BFB induces amplification of segments of the original genome, where the number of repeats of each segment in the rearranged genome can be experimentally measured .