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lsof is a command meaning "list open files", which is used in many Unix-like systems to report a list of all open files and the processes that opened them. This open source utility was developed and supported by Victor A. Abell, the retired Associate Director of the Purdue University Computing Center.
In some cases, menu options or functions may be made visible or hidden depending on a user's permission level; this kind of user interface is referred to as permission-driven. Two types of permissions are widely available: POSIX file system permissions and access-control lists (ACLs) which are capable of more specific control.
In computing, a shell is a computer program that exposes an operating system's services to a human user or other programs. In general, operating system shells use either a command-line interface (CLI) or graphical user interface (GUI), depending on a computer's role and particular operation. It is named a shell because it is the outermost layer ...
ls, a command specified by POSIX and by the Single UNIX Specification; used for listing files.ls, the internet top-level domain for Lesotho; Link-state routing protocol, used in packet-switching networks; Location Services, a component of Microsoft's System Center Configuration Manager software; LS, a low-power Schottky version of a 7400 series ...
JP Software command-line processors provide user-configurable colorization of file and directory names in directory listings based on their file extension and/or attributes through an optionally defined %COLORDIR% environment variable. For the Unix/Linux shells, this is a feature of the ls command and the terminal.
A file's type can be identified by the ls -l command, which displays the type in the first character of the file-system permissions field. For regular files, Unix does not impose or provide any internal file structure; therefore, their structure and interpretation is entirely dependent on the software using them. [2]
The file system driver must search a directory for a particular filename and then convert the filename to the correct corresponding inode number. The operating system kernel's in-memory representation of this data is called struct inode in Linux. Systems derived from BSD use the term vnode (the "v" refers to the kernel's virtual file system layer).
stat() is a Unix system call that returns file attributes about an inode. The semantics of stat() vary between operating systems. As an example, Unix command ls uses this system call to retrieve information on files that includes: atime: time of last access (ls -lu) mtime: time of last modification (ls -l) ctime: time of last status change (ls -lc)