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The Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (abbreviated CPSS) is a system used to diagnose a potential stroke in a prehospital setting. [1] It tests three signs for abnormal findings which may indicate that the patient is having a stroke.
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One of these tests that is used by prehospital personnel is the Cincinnati Pre Hospital Stroke scale (CPSS). This test looks for facial droop, arm drift, and a change in the person's speech pattern. Another test that can be used and is a modification to the CPSS is the Face Arm Speech Test (FAST).
The Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (abbreviated LAPSS) is a method of identifying potential stroke patients in a pre-hospital setting. [ 1 ] Screening criteria
The acronym was created to expedite administration of intravenous tissue plasminogen activator to patients within 3 hours of acute stroke symptom onset. The instruments at this time with most evidence of validity were the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS) and the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS). [3]
[38] [39] Other scales for prehospital detection of stroke include the Los Angeles Prehospital Stroke Screen (LAPSS) [40] and the Cincinnati Prehospital Stroke Scale (CPSS), [41] on which the FAST method was based. [42] Use of these scales is recommended by professional guidelines. [43]
Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), also known as hemorrhagic stroke, is a sudden bleeding into the tissues of the brain (i.e. the parenchyma), into its ventricles, or into both. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] [ 1 ] An ICH is a type of bleeding within the skull and one kind of stroke (ischemic stroke being the other).
Prior to the NIHSS, during the late 1980s, several stroke-deficit rating scales were in use (e.g., University of Cincinnati scale, Canadian neurological scale, the Edinburgh-2 coma scale, and the Oxbury initial severity scale). The NIHSS is composed of 11 items, each of which scores a specific ability between a 0 and 4.