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The Prison Window by John Phillip depicting a Romani family in Spain during the Great Gypsy Round-up.. The Great Gypsy Round-up (Spanish: Gran Redada de Gitanos), also known as the general imprisonment of the Gypsies (prisión general de gitanos), was a raid authorized and organized by the Spanish Monarchy that led to the arrest of most Roma in the region and the genocide of 120,000 Romani ...
The term gitano evolved from the word egiptano [10] ("Egyptian"), which was the Old Spanish demonym for someone from Egipto (Egypt). "Egiptano" was the regular adjective in Old Spanish for someone from Egypt, however, in Middle and Modern Spanish the irregular adjective egipcio supplanted egiptano to mean Egyptian, probably to differentiate Egyptians from Gypsies.
The original "Act Concerning Egyptians" of 1531 "The act of 1554 reiterated the previous statute and made clear that "Egyptians" were not English." [1] The Egyptians Act 1554 (1 & 2 Ph. & M. c. 4) was an Act of the Parliament of England regarding Romani and travellers within the realm. The act was passed to amend previous laws regarding the ...
Others were confined to designated areas, and many were eventually murdered in gas chambers. [20] Many Sinti and Roma were taken to Auschwitz-Birkenau, where they were put in a special section, called the "gypsy camp". Josef Mengele often performed some of his infamous experiments on Sinti and Roma. On 2 August 1944, the "gypsy camp" was closed ...
The English term gypsy or gipsy [16] is commonly used to indicate Romani people, [17] and use of the word gipsy in modern-day English is pervasive (and is a legal term under English law—see below), and some Romani organizations use it in their own organizational names, particularly in the United Kingdom.
Although the term "Roma" was endorsed in place of "Gypsies" at the first World Roma Congress in London, [9] many Romani people in Britain prefer to call themselves Gypsies, or names that include the term such as Romani Gypsies or Romany Gypsies. [10] [11] [5] [12] [8] [13] They also commonly refer to themselves as Romani or Romanies. [14]
In 1596, 106 men and women were condemned to death at York for being Romani, and nine were executed. [23] Samuel Rid wrote two books about them in the early 17th century. [24] From the 1780s onwards, the anti-Romani laws were gradually repealed. The identity of the Romanichal was formed between 1660 and 1800, as a Romani group living in Britain ...
The Roma migrated throughout Europe and Iberian Calé or Caló. The first Roma to come to the United States arrived in Virginia, Georgia, New Jersey and Louisiana during the 1500s. [169] Romani slaves were first shipped to the Americas with Columbus in 1498. [94] Spain sent Romani slaves to their Louisiana colony between 1762 and 1800. [95]