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Diphthongs contrast with monophthongs, where the tongue or other speech organs do not move and the syllable contains only a single vowel sound. For instance, in English, the word ah is spoken as a monophthong (/ ɑː /), while the word ow is spoken as a diphthong in most varieties (/ aʊ /).
Note that some words contain an ae which may not be written æ because the etymology is not from the Greek -αι-or Latin -ae-diphthongs. These include: In instances of aer (starting or within a word) when it makes the sound IPA [ɛə]/[eə] (air). Comes from the Latin āër, Greek ἀήρ. When ae makes the diphthong / eɪ / (lay) or / aɪ ...
äu is used in German for the diphthong /ɔɪ/ in declension of native words with au ; elsewhere, /ɔɪ/ is written as eu . In words, mostly of Latin origin, where ä and u are separated by a syllable boundary, it represents /ɛ.ʊ/, e.g. Matthäus (a German form for Matthew).
Another possible transcription is oʷ or ɤʷ (a close-mid back vowel modified by endolabialization), but this could be misread as a diphthong. In English, the symbol o is typically associated with the vowel in the "goat", but in Received Pronunciation and General American , that vowel is a diphthong whose starting point may be unrounded and ...
Late Old English (Anglian) Early Middle English Late Middle English Early Modern English Modern English Example (Old and Modern English forms given) [1] æġ, ǣġ
Diphthongs are typically specified with a non-syllabic diacritic, as in ui̯ or u̯i , or with a superscript for the on- or off-glide, as in uⁱ or ᵘi . Sometimes a tie bar is used: u͜i , especially when it is difficult to tell if the diphthong is characterized by an on-glide or an off-glide or when it is variable. Notes
Diphthongs Diphthongs Pronunciation Examples ai i in ice kai = sea water ae I or eye: Maeʻole = never-fading ao ow in how. with lower offglide Maoli = true Kaona = town au ou in louse or house Au = I, I am ei ei in eight Lei = garland eu eh-(y)oo ʻEleu = lively iu ee-(y)oo. similar to ew in few. Wēkiu = topmost oe oh-(w)eh ʻOe = you oi oi ...
The long diphthongs /ɛːu̯ aːu̯ ɔːu̯/ occurred rarely. [41] The diphthongs /ei ou yi/ changed to /eː uː yː/ in the early Classical period in most cases, but /ei yi/ remained before vowels. In the tables below, the diphthongs that were monophthongized in most cases are preceded by an asterisk, and the rarer diphthongs are in parentheses.