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A word equation is a formal equality:= = between a pair of words and , each over an alphabet comprising both constants (c.f. ) and unknowns (c.f. ). [1] An assignment of constant words to the unknowns of is said to solve if it maps both sides of to identical words.
When seeking a solution, one or more variables are designated as unknowns. A solution is an assignment of values to the unknown variables that makes the equality in the equation true. In other words, a solution is a value or a collection of values (one for each unknown) such that, when substituted for the unknowns, the equation becomes an equality.
In Pursuit of the Unknown: 17 Equations That Changed the World is a 2012 nonfiction book by British mathematician Ian Stewart FRS CMath FIMA, published by Basic Books. [3] In the book, Stewart traces the history of the role of mathematics in human history, beginning with the Pythagorean theorem (Pythagorean equation) [4] to the equation that transformed twenty-first century financial markets ...
In linear algebra, Cramer's rule is an explicit formula for the solution of a system of linear equations with as many equations as unknowns, valid whenever the system has a unique solution. It expresses the solution in terms of the determinants of the (square) coefficient matrix and of matrices obtained from it by replacing one column by the ...
This does not reduce the generality, as this can be realized by subtracting the right-hand side from both sides. The most common type of equation is a polynomial equation (commonly called also an algebraic equation) in which the two sides are polynomials. The sides of a polynomial equation contain one or more terms. For example, the equation
Completing the squaring and cubes can not only solve systems of two linear equations with two unknowns, but also general quadratic and cubic equations. It is the basis for solving higher-order equations in ancient China, and it also plays an important role in the development of mathematics. [9]
The overdetermined case occurs when the system has been overconstrained — that is, when the equations outnumber the unknowns. In contrast, the underdetermined case occurs when the system has been underconstrained — that is, when the number of equations is fewer than the number of unknowns. Such systems usually have an infinite number of ...
In both cases the auxiliary systems to be solved are genuinely tri-diagonal, so the overall computational complexity of solving system = remains linear with the respect to the dimension of the system n, that is () arithmetic operations.