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Radiocarbon dating measurements produce ages in "radiocarbon years", which must be converted to calendar ages by a process called calibration. Calibration is needed because the atmospheric 14 C / 12 C ratio, which is a key element in calculating radiocarbon ages, has not been constant historically. [1]
Paula's research has focussed around improving radiocarbon dating and calibration, with a particular focus on understanding carbon cycling and radiocarbon reservoirs. Alongside Minze Stuiver , she developed the first internationally-agreed radiocarbon age calibration curve (IntCal98 [ 4 ] ) and provided the first freely-available software ...
Minze Stuiver (25 October 1929 – 26 December 2020) was a Dutch geochemist who was at the forefront of geoscience research from the 1960s until his retirement in 1998. He helped transform radiocarbon dating from a simple tool for archaeology and geology to a precise technique with applications in solar physics, oceanography, geochemistry, and carbon dynamics.
In 1994, he authored OxCal, an online radiocarbon calibration program. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Bronk Ramsey has made significant contributions to various chronological issues, including the Minoan eruption of Thera , the British Neolithic , the dispersal of modern humans out of Africa and the Egyptian chronology .
The calculation of radiocarbon dates determines the age of an object containing organic material by using the properties of radiocarbon (also known as carbon-14), a radioactive isotope of carbon. Radiocarbon dating methods produce data based on the ratios of different carbon isotopes in a sample that must then be further manipulated in order to ...
Two approaches to radiometric correction are possible: absolute and relative. The absolute approach requires the use of ground measurements at the time of data acquisition for atmospheric correction and sensor calibration. This is not only costly but also impractical when archival satellite image data are used for change analysis. [3]
Radiocarbon dating of organic matter, water Iron: 55: 2.7: Produced in iron and steel casings, vessels, or supports for nuclear weapons and reactors Strontium: 90: 28.8: Common fission product Technetium: 99: 214,000: Common fission product Iodine: 129: 15.7 million: Groundwater tracer Cesium: 137: 30.2: Nuclear weapons and nuclear reactors ...
Armed with the results of carbon-dating the tree rings, it became possible to construct calibration curves designed to correct the errors caused by the variation over time in the 14 C / 12 C ratio. [4] These curves are described in more detail below. There are three main reasons for these variations in the historical 14 C / 12