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Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
Cryovolcano – Type of volcano that erupts volatiles such as water, ammonia or methane, instead of molten rock; Diatreme – Volcanic pipe associated with a gaseous explosion; Dike – A sheet of rock that is formed in a fracture of a pre-existing rock body; Fissure vent – Linear volcanic vent through which lava erupts
Volcanic rocks (often shortened to volcanics in scientific contexts) are rocks formed from lava erupted from a volcano. Like all rock types, the concept of volcanic rock is artificial, and in nature volcanic rocks grade into hypabyssal and metamorphic rocks and constitute an important element of some sediments and sedimentary rocks .
The following is a list of rock types recognized by geologists.There is no agreed number of specific types of rock. Any unique combination of chemical composition, mineralogy, grain size, texture, or other distinguishing characteristics can describe a rock type.
An impermeable rock stratum which not only obstructs the passage of water but cannot absorb it, e.g. granite. [4] aquitard A bed or layer of rock that slows the conveyance of water from an aquifer due to its low permeability or low hydraulic conductivity. archipelago. Also island chain. A chain, cluster, or collection of islands in a sea. arête
The transition from diatreme to dike occurs in a “root zone” that is the lowest part of the diatreme structure, immediately above the dike, which comprises coherent igneous rock. Maar-diatreme volcanoes are volcanoes produced by explosive eruptions that cut deeply into the country rock, with the maar being "the crater cut into the ground ...
Metavolcanic rock is volcanic rock that shows signs of having experienced metamorphism. [1] In other words, the rock was originally produced by a volcano, either as lava or tephra. The rock was then subjected to high pressure, high temperature or both, for example by burial under younger rocks, causing the original volcanic rock to recrystallize.
Vesicles are found towards the top of a pillow (because the gas trapped as part of the rock is less dense than its solid surroundings). The pillow structures show a convex (rounded) upper surface. The pillows might have a tapered base downwards, as they may have molded themselves to any underlying pillows during their formation.