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Cicero Discovering the Tomb of Archimedes (1805) by Benjamin West. Archimedes was born c. 287 BC in the seaport city of Syracuse, Sicily, at that time a self-governing colony in Magna Graecia. The date of birth is based on a statement by the Byzantine Greek scholar John Tzetzes that Archimedes lived for 75 years before his death in 212 BC. [9]
Heron (c. 10–70), Roman Egypt – usually credited with invention of the aeolipile, although it may have been described a century earlier; John Herschel (1792–1871), UK – photographic fixer (hypo), actinometer; Harry Houdini (1874–1926) U.S. – flight time illusion; Heinrich Hertz (1857–1894), Germany – radio telegraphy ...
Archimedes' heat ray: is a device that Archimedes is purported to have used to burn attacking Roman ships during the Siege of Syracuse (c. 213–212 BC). It does not appear in the surviving works of Archimedes and is described by historians writing many years after the siege.
According to a legend, Archimedes realized his principle on hydrostatics when he entered in a bath full of water, which overflows (he then shouted out his famous "Eureka!"). And the unexpected, negative results of the Michelson–Morley experiment in their search of the luminiferous aether ultimately led to the special theory of relativity by ...
It is worthy of remark that Leonardo da Vinci – far from claiming the merit of this invention for himself or the men of his time – attributes it to Archimedes. The weight of the cannonball is described as one talent. A Roman talent was 32.3 kilograms (71 lb), although the amount varied across the ancient world by a few kilograms. [9]
3rd century BC: Archimedes further develops the method of exhaustion into an early description of integration. [57] [58] 3rd century BC: Archimedes calculates tangents to non-trigonometric curves. [59] 3rd century BC: Archimedes uses the method of exhaustion to construct a strict inequality bounding the value of π within an interval of 0.002.
3rd century BC - Archimedes develops a concept of the indivisibles—a precursor to infinitesimals—allowing him to solve several problems using methods now termed as integral calculus. Archimedes also derives several formulae for determining the area and volume of various solids including sphere, cone, paraboloid and hyperboloid. [2]
Archimedes' investigation of paraboloids was possibly an idealization of the shapes of ships' hulls. Some of the paraboloids float with the base under water and the summit above water, similar to the way that icebergs float. Of Archimedes' works that survive, the second book of On Floating Bodies is considered his most mature work. [6]