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Blue toe syndrome is a situation that may reflect atherothrombotic (clots resulting from the build-up of fats, cholesterol, and other substances in and on the artery walls) [1] microembolism, causing transient focal ischaemia, a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain or spinal cord, [2] occasionally with minor apparent tissue loss, but without diffuse forefoot ischemia. [3]
The very term "acrocyanosis" is often applied inappropriately in cases when blue discoloration of the hands, feet, or parts of the face is noted. [1] The principal (primary) form of acrocyanosis is that of a benign cosmetic condition, [2] sometimes caused by a relatively benign neurohormonal disorder. [3]
Furthermore, mongolian spots, large birthmarks, and the consumption of food products with blue or purple dyes can also result in the bluish skin tissue discoloration and may be mistaken for cyanosis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Appropriate physical examination and history taking is a crucial part to diagnose cyanosis.
The most common cause of foot pain is wearing ill fitting shoes. Women often wear tight shoes that are narrow and constrictive, and thus are most prone to foot problems. Tight shoes often cause overcrowding of toes and result in a variety of structural defects. The next most common cause of foot disease is overuse or traumatic injuries. [3]
Schamberg's disease is a skin disorder that causes a discoloration of the lower extremities. [4] It usually occurs in the lower extremities and rarely elsewhere. [4] This condition is caused by leaky blood vessels near the surface of the skin. [7] The cause of the leaky capillaries is usually not known. [7]
Livedo reticularis is a common skin finding consisting of a mottled reticulated vascular pattern that appears as a lace-like purplish discoloration of the skin. [1] The discoloration is caused by reduction in blood flow through the arterioles that supply the cutaneous capillaries, resulting in deoxygenated blood showing as blue discoloration ().
Affected feet may become numb, affected by erythrosis (turning red) or cyanosis (turning blue) as a result of poor vascular supply, and feet may begin to have a decaying odour due to the possibility of the early stages of necrosis setting in. As the condition worsens, feet may also begin to swell.
Since at least the mid-19th century, doctors have known that silver or silver compounds can cause some areas of the skin and other body tissues to turn grey or blue-gray. [9] [10] Argyria occurs in people who ingest or inhale silver in large quantities over a long period (several months to many years). People who work in factories that ...