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Hydrogen peroxide is a chemical compound with the formula H 2 O 2.In its pure form, it is a very pale blue [5] liquid that is slightly more viscous than water.It is used as an oxidizer, bleaching agent, and antiseptic, usually as a dilute solution (3%–6% by weight) in water for consumer use and in higher concentrations for industrial use.
A closely related mixture, sometimes called "base piranha", is a 5:1:1 mixture of water, ammonia solution (NH 4 OH, or NH 3 (aq)), and 30% hydrogen peroxide. [2] [3] As hydrogen peroxide is less stable at high pH than under acidic conditions, NH 4 OH (pH c. 11.6) also accelerates its decomposition.
Benzoyl peroxide and hydrogen peroxide are used as bleaching and "maturing" agents for treating flour to make its grain release gluten more easily; the alternative is letting the flour slowly oxidize by air, which is too slow for the industrialized era. Benzoyl peroxide is an effective topical medication for treating most forms of acne.
In the presence of a strong acid catalyst, such as sulfuric acid, acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide produce peracetic acid: [3] H 2 O 2 + CH 3 CO 2 H ⇌ CH 3 CO 3 H + H 2 O. However, in concentrations (3-6%) of vinegar and hydrogen peroxide marketed for household use, mixing without a strong acid catalyst will not form peracetic acid.
Limiting oxygen concentration for selected gases and two inerts (volume percent oxygen) [3] Gas or vapor Nitrogen / Air Carbon dioxide / Air Hydrogen: 5 5.2 Methane: 12 14.5 Ethane: 11 13.5 Propane: 11.5 14.5 n-Butane: 12 14.5 Isobutane: 12 15
Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2). It is used, for example, to bleach wood pulp and hair or to prepare other bleaching agents like perborates, percarbonates, peracids, etc. Sodium percarbonate (Na 2 H 3 CO 6), an adduct of hydrogen peroxide and sodium carbonate ("soda ash" or "washing soda", Na 2 CO 3).
Benzoyl peroxide is usually prepared by treating hydrogen peroxide with benzoyl chloride under alkaline conditions. 2 C 6 H 5 COCl + H 2 O 2 + 2 NaOH → (C 6 H 5 CO) 2 O 2 + 2 NaCl + 2 H 2 O. The oxygen–oxygen bond in peroxides is weak. Thus, benzoyl peroxide readily undergoes homolysis (symmetrical fission), forming free radicals: (C 6 H 5 ...
At higher temperatures peroxide decomposition is faster, more polymerization occurs to heat the mixture, which in turn increases peroxide decomposition and polymerizes the monomer even faster. The container dissipates heat more slowly in a higher-temperature environment, so at some critical temperature heat is generated by polymerization faster ...