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The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was the Romanized standard orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. [1] Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ) did not have a standardized spelling, or was written in the Jawi script .
As an academic discipline, history is the study of the past. [1] It conceptualizes and describes what happened by collecting and analysing evidence to construct narratives . These narratives cover not only how events unfolded but also why they happened and in which contexts, providing an explanation of relevant background conditions and causal ...
The Jakarta History Museum (Indonesian: Museum Sejarah Jakarta), also known as Fatahillah Museum or Batavia Museum, is located in the Old Town (known as Kota Tua) of Jakarta, Indonesia. The building was built in 1710 as the Stadhuis ( city hall ) of Batavia .
The building sits on an area of 1.034 hectares, with the floor of the building occupying an area of 4,208.5 square metres (45,300 sq ft). [4] The construction used 4 million bricks, 2,500 barrels of cement, 18,000 pikuls of lime, 5,000 lbs of copper, 50 tons of steel and iron, and about 30,000 cubic feet of timber. [1]
[1] [2] He was the Paramount Chief of the Iban people for more than 55 years. [3] They affectionately called him "Apai" meaning "father" in the Iban language. Tun Jugah played a fundamental role in bringing the state of Sarawak into the formation of the Federation of Malaysia which materialized on 16 September 1963. He was the key signatory ...
Born in Kampung Jeram, Pasir Puteh, Kelantan in 1853, Tok Janggut received his early education (pendidikan pondok) in Kelantan and in Mecca and was a master of silat, a Malaysian martial art.
Pasukan Gerakan Khas (Abbreviation: PGK; 'Special Operations Command — Police SOCOM', Jawi: ڤاسوكن ڬرقن خاص) is a special operations command of the Royal Malaysia Police (RMP). [1] The PGK has two distinct sub-units; the Special Actions Unit ( Malay : Unit Tindakhas — UTK ) and the 69 Commando Battalion (Very Able Trooper 69 ...