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  2. Type 1 diabetes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_1_diabetes

    People with type 1 diabetes tend to have more CD8+ T-cells and B-cells that specifically target islet antigens than those without type 1 diabetes, suggesting a role for the adaptive immune system in beta cell destruction. [75] [76] Type 1 diabetics also tend to have reduced regulatory T cell function, which may exacerbate autoimmunity. [75]

  3. Autoimmunity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmunity

    T-cell–B-cell discordance – A normal immune response is assumed to involve B and T cell responses to the same antigen, even if we know that B cells and T cells recognise very different things: conformations on the surface of a molecule for B cells and pre-processed peptide fragments of proteins for T cells. However, there is nothing as far ...

  4. Autoimmune disease - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoimmune_disease

    The expression of 1,25-(OH)2D3 can be induced by macrophages, dendritic cells, T-cells, and B-cells. [86] In the presence of 1,25-(OH)2D3, the immune system's production of inflammatory cytokines are suppressed and more tolerogenic regulatory T-cells are expressed. [ 86 ]

  5. Insulin autoimmune syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insulin_autoimmune_syndrome

    1 Signs and symptoms. 2 Causes. 3 Pathophysiology. 4 Diagnosis. 5 Treatment. ... C-peptide level is markedly elevated, and insulin antibodies are positive. [citation ...

  6. Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latent_autoimmune_diabetes...

    A fasting blood sugar level of ≥ 7.0 mmol / L (126 mg/dL) is used in the general diagnosis of diabetes. [17] There are no clear guidelines for the diagnosis of LADA, but the criteria often used are that the patient should develop the disease in adulthood, not need insulin treatment for the first 6 months after diagnosis and have autoantibodies in the blood.

  7. Autoantibody - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autoantibody

    Antibodies are produced by B cells in two ways: (i) randomly, and (ii) in response to a foreign protein or substance within the body. Initially, one B cell produces one specific kind of antibody. In either case, the B cell is allowed to proliferate or is killed off through a process called clonal deletion. Normally, the immune system is able to ...

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