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The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
The Umayyad dynasty ... Once he established the Emirate of Cordoba in 756, he invited other Marwanids, who were keeping a low profile under Abbasid rule, ...
Remains of the outer wall of the Umayyad Alcazar incorporated into the façade of the Episcopal Palace today. The Alcázar of the Caliphs or Caliphal Alcázar, also known as the Umayyad Alcázar [1] and the Andalusian Alcazar of Cordoba, [2] was a fortress-palace located in Córdoba, in present-day Spain.
Córdoba became the capital of the Emirate and then Caliphate of Córdoba, from which the Umayyad dynasty ruled all of al-Andalus until 1031. Under Umayyad rule, Córdoba was transformed into a centre of education and learning, [7] [8] and by the 10th century it had grown to be the second-largest city in Europe. [9] [10]
Abd al-Rahman was born in Palmyra, near Damascus in the heartland of the Umayyad Caliphate, the son of the Umayyad prince Mu'awiya ibn Hisham and his concubine Rah, a Berber woman from the Nafza tribe, [4] and thus the grandson of Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik, caliph from 724 to 743.
After the Umayyad victory at the Battle of Guadalete and the death of King Roderic, the Visigothic kingdom was torn apart by internal conflicts.Every governor of each province acted independently, such that cities like Córdoba, Seville, and Toledo had their own kings.
In 750, the Abbasid Revolution overthrew the Umayyad caliphate in Damascus. An Umayyad prince, Abd ar-Rahman I, escaped to al-Andalus and set up the independent Emirate of Cordoba. Abd ar-Rahman I, 756–788; Al-Ala ibn Mughith al-Judhami (763), Abbasid counter-claimant; Abd al-Rahman ibn Habib al-Fihri al-Siqlabi (777), Abbasid counter-claimant
Muhammad I of Cordoba (Arabic: محمد بن عبد الرحمن الأوسط; 823–886) was a Muslim ruler of al-Andalus. [1] He ruled during a time of thriving art, architecture and culture in Islamic Iberia in the 9th century, turning Cordoba into a cultural and political center.