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Hexokinase III, also known as hexokinase C, is an enzyme which in humans is encoded by the Hk3 gene on chromosome 5. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Hexokinases phosphorylate glucose to produce glucose-6-phosphate , the first step in most glucose metabolism pathways.
It is the hexokinase found in muscle and heart. Hexokinase II is also located at the mitochondria outer membrane so it can have direct access to ATP. [7] The relative specific activity of hexokinase II increases with pH at least in a pH range from 6.9 to 8.5. [8] Hexokinase III/C is substrate-inhibited by glucose at physiological concentrations.
d -Glucose + 2 [NAD] + + 2 [ADP] + 2 [P] i 2 × Pyruvate 2 × + 2 [NADH] + 2 H + + 2 [ATP] + 2 H 2 O Glycolysis pathway overview The use of symbols in this equation makes it appear unbalanced with respect to oxygen atoms, hydrogen atoms, and charges. Atom balance is maintained by the two phosphate (P i) groups: Each exists in the form of a hydrogen phosphate anion, dissociating to contribute ...
Glucose binds to hexokinase in the active site at the beginning of glycolysis. In biochemistry and molecular biology, a binding site is a region on a macromolecule such as a protein that binds to another molecule with specificity. [1] The binding partner of the macromolecule is often referred to as a ligand. [2]
Hexokinase has a large induced fit motion that closes over the substrates adenosine triphosphate and xylose. Binding sites in blue, substrates in black and Mg 2+ cofactor in yellow. ( PDB : 2E2N , 2E2Q )
Glucose Hexokinase ATP ADP Glucose 6-phosphate Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase Fructose 6-phosphate Phosphofructokinase-1 ATP ADP Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase Dihydroxyacetone phosphate + + Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate Triosephosphate isomerase 2 × Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate 2 × Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase NAD + + P i NADH + H + NAD + + P i NADH + H + 2 ...
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Hexokinase deficiency is an extremely rare autosomal recessive condition that falls under the category of erythroenzymopathies, or defects in red cell enzymes. [2] Hexokinase deficiency manifests is associated with chronic nonspherocytic hemolytic anemia . [ 3 ]