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The Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652), also known as the Third Civil War, was the final conflict in the Wars of the Three Kingdoms, a series of armed conflicts and political machinations between shifting alliances of religious and political factions in England, Scotland and Ireland.
Anglo-Scottish war, 1650–1652 [ edit ] Despite their conflict with the Scottish Royalists, the Covenanters then committed themselves to the cause of Charles II, signing the Treaty of Breda (1650) with him in the hope of securing an independent Presbyterian Scotland free of Parliamentarian interference.
[16] [17] [18] Charles II was initially reluctant to accept these conditions, but after Cromwell's campaign in Ireland crushed his Royalist supporters there, [19] he felt compelled to accept the Scottish terms and signed the Treaty of Breda on 1 May 1650. The Scottish Parliament set about rapidly recruiting an army to support the new king and ...
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1652: 17 June – A large fire breaks out in Glasgow, which destroys around a third of the city and leaves approximately 1,000 families homeless. [7] 1653: 16 December – Cromwell is made Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland. [8] 1654:
On 22 July 1650, elements of the New Model Army crossed the Tweed into Scotland, starting the Anglo-Scottish war (1650–1652). [12] Cromwell manoeuvred around Edinburgh , attempting to bring the Scots to battle, but Leslie refused to be drawn out, [ 13 ] and on 31 August the English withdrew to Dunbar .
In the Treaty of Breda, the Scots agreed to restore Charles II to the English throne, but were defeated in the 1650–1652 Anglo-Scottish war. Under Oliver Cromwell, the Commonwealth conquered Ireland and most Irish Catholic lands were seized. The British Isles became a united republic ruled by Cromwell and dominated by the army.
The site of the battle was by the Cadzow Burn, near the present day town centre of Hamilton, Scotland. The Scots attacked, surprising the English, but were beaten back and destroyed as a fighting force. The battle was part of the Anglo-Scottish war of 1650–1652.