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Researchers use a variety of methods to measure ambivalent prejudice. The most widely used method is the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory (ASI), developed by Glick and Fiske in 1996. [3] [9] The ASI focuses on sexism, a form of ambivalent prejudice characterized by both hostile and benevolent attitudes toward women. These attitudes reflect typical ...
Illusory correlation, a tendency to inaccurately perceive a relationship between two unrelated events. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] Pareidolia , a tendency to perceive a vague and random stimulus (often an image or sound) as significant, e.g., seeing images of animals or faces in clouds, the man in the Moon , and hearing non-existent hidden messages on ...
Interdependence approaches to prejudice reduction are based on psychologist, Morton Deutsch's, theory of interdependence. [2] According to this theory, when two groups realize that they have a common issue that can only be solved by pooling their resources together, they are more likely to engage in cooperative behaviors.
Prejudice is prejudgment, or forming an opinion before becoming aware of the relevant facts of a case. The word is often used to refer to preconceived, usually unfavorable, judgments toward people or a person because of gender , political opinion, social class , age , disability , religion , sexuality , race / ethnicity , language , nationality ...
Magical thinking – Belief in the connection of unrelated events; Prejudice – Attitudes based on preconceived categories; Presumption of guilt – Presumption that a person is guilty of a crime; Rationality – Quality of being agreeable to reason; Systemic bias – Inherent tendency of a process to support particular outcomes
The negativity bias, [1] also known as the negativity effect, is a cognitive bias that, even when positive or neutral things of equal intensity occur, things of a more negative nature (e.g. unpleasant thoughts, emotions, or social interactions; harmful/traumatic events) have a greater effect on one's psychological state and processes than neutral or positive things.
The main cognitive distortions according to Beck are summarised below: [1] [8] Arbitrary inference-drawing conclusions from insufficient or no evidence. Selective abstraction-drawing conclusions on the basis of just one of many elements of a situation. Overgeneralisation-making sweeping conclusions based on a single event.
For example, exposure to prejudice may lead to rumination, which is a common psychological phenomenon characterized by a maladaptive, repetitive, and obsessive focus on a past event that leads to depressive and anxious symptoms.