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John S. Strong writes that the central meaning of Indian Buddhist bhakti was "recollection of the Buddha" (Sanskrit: buddhanusmrti). [6] One of the earliest form of Buddhist devotional practice was the early Buddhist tradition of worshiping the Buddha through the means of stupas and bodily relics . [103]
Bhakti has been a prevalent practice in various Jaina sects in which learned Tirthankara (Jina) and human gurus are considered superior beings and venerated with offerings, songs and Arti prayers. [117] John Cort suggests that the bhakti movement in later Hinduism and Jainism may share roots in vandal and puja concepts of the Jaina tradition. [117]
The bhakti marga involving these deities grew with the bhakti movement, starting about the mid-1st millennium CE, from Tamil Nadu in South India. The movement was led by the Saiva Nayanars [10] and the Vaisnava Alvars. Their ideas and practices inspired bhakti poetry and devotion throughout India over the 12th-18th century CE.
It is that bhakti which gives itself up body, heart and soul to the cause of God. It is considered to be the fullest expression of what is known as Atma-nivedana (= giving-up of oneself) among the nine forms of bhakti (Navadha Bhakti). It is the bhakti of the devotee who worships God not for any reward or presents but for His own sake.
The Narada Bhakti Sutra (IAST: Nārada Bhakti Sūtra) is a well known sutra venerated within the traditions of Hinduism, reportedly spoken by the famous sage, Narada. The text details the process of devotion ( Bhakti ), or Bhakti yoga and is thus of particular importance to many of the Bhakti movements within Hinduism.
A Bhajan in Hindu traditions is an informal, loosely structured devotional song with music in a regional language. [19] They are found all over India and Nepal, but are particularly popular among the Vaishnav traditions such as those driven by devotion to avatars of Vishnu such as Krishna, Rama, Vitthal and Narayana (often with their consorts).
The Bhagavata Purana's references to the South Indian Alvar saints, along with its emphasis on bhakti, have led many scholars to give it South Indian origins, though some scholars question whether this evidence excludes the possibility that bhakti movement had parallel developments in other parts of India. [213] [214] Vaishnava bhakti practices ...
1963: Prayer (in Telugu), Lutheran Publishing House, Guntur, 1963. Listed in Joseph and Suneel Bhanu [12] 1976: Telugulo Kraistava Sahityam (in Telugu) Secunderabad, 1976. Listed in Joseph and Suneel Bhanu [12] (reprint in 1989) [12] 1983: Bhakti theology in the Telugu hymnal, [6] 1986: Mahākavi Jāṣuva vyaktitvaṃ, kavitvaṃ (in Telugu) [13]