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Over 2,000 individual resident-like orcas and 130 transient-like orcas have been identified off Russia. [29] At least 195 individual orcas have been cataloged in the eastern tropical Pacific, ranging from Baja California and the Gulf of California in the north to the northwest coast of South America in the south and west towards Hawaii. [31]
Southern resident orcas chasing chinook salmon (bottom center. Southern resident orcas feed exclusively on fish, with salmon being their preferred prey; it is estimated that up to 80% of the diet of southern residents consists of chinook salmon, mostly coming from the Fraser River. [7]
The southern resident orcas, also known as the southern resident killer whales (SRKW), are the smallest of four communities of the exclusively fish-eating ecotype of orca in the northeast Pacific Ocean. The southern resident orcas form a closed society with no emigration or dispersal of individuals, and no gene flow with other orca populations. [1]
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In the Southern Ocean, blue whales calls last roughly 18 seconds and consist of a 9-s-long, 27 Hz tone, followed by a 1-s downsweep to 19 Hz, and another downsweep to 18 Hz. [ 13 ] [ 14 ] They also produce short, 1–4 s duration, frequency-modulated calls ranging in frequency between 80 and 38 Hz.
Then there are southern “resident” orcas, an endangered group that primarily eats salmon. Earlier this year, Lolita or Toki , the last captive member from this population, died in an aquarium ...
Residents feed primarily on Chinook and chum salmon, which are insensitive to orca calls (inferred from the audiogram of Atlantic salmon). In contrast, the marine mammal prey of transients hear whale calls well and thus transients are typically silent. [ 125 ]