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Avian flu virus can last indefinitely at a temperature dozens of degrees below freezing, as is found in the northernmost areas that migratory birds frequent. [citation needed] Heat kills H5N1 (i.e. inactivates the virus). Influenza A viruses can survive: Over 30 days at 0 °C (32.0 °F) (over one month at freezing temperature)
In November 2021 the CDC announced that several frozen vials labeled "Smallpox" were discovered in a freezer in a Merck & Co. vaccine research facility at Montgomery County, Pennsylvania. [18] [19] [20] The vials were determined to contain the vaccinia virus, used in making the vaccine, not the variola virus, which causes smallpox. [21]
Flu A can infect people and animals, while flu B is mostly a human virus. There are also 130 different subtype combinations of flu A, while flu B has just two lineages (B/Yamagata and B/Victoria ...
The virus has been shown to survive two freeze/thaw cycles in a conventional freezer, suggesting both live and frozen bait could be a transmission vector. In Europe, the gray heron has spread the virus, but it does so mechanically; the virus is apparently inactive in the digestive tract of birds. [2]
People typically get monkeypox when they come into contact with the virus from an animal, a person, or materials contaminated with the virus, according to the CDC. The virus can then enter the ...
If a person infected with the Ebola virus rides the subway and has a body fluid (such as mucus from sneezing) on his or her hand, and then touches the railing on a subway, the virus can live up to ...
Live attenuated virus Liquid or lyophilized: None 2° - 8 °C Can be damaged by freezing and have short shelf life. Measles [36] Live attenuated virus Lyophilized None -50° - 8 °C Moderately stable. Potency is retained at high temperature and also can be stored frozen at -20 °C. Meningococcal [37] PS Lyophilized None 2° - 8 °C
It is believed that door handles provide a suitable environment for the disease to spread on, as the virus can survive on these metallic surfaces from 2 up to 8 hours. Door handles provide a medium for the disease to spread as every person uses the handle, they can extend the duration that the microorganisms survive. [citation needed]