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Since NASA's Voyager mission flew past Europa in 1979, scientists have worked to understand the composition of the reddish-brown material known as tholin that coats fractures and other geologically youthful features on Europa's surface. [1] Material from the ocean is probably being transported to the surface by active processes in the interior.
Voyager 1 · Jupiter · Io · Europa · Ganymede · Callisto The trajectory of Voyager 1 through the Jupiter system Voyager 1 began photographing Jupiter in January 1979. Its closest approach to Jupiter was on March 5, 1979, at a distance of about 349,000 kilometres (217,000 miles) from the planet's center. [ 37 ]
[1] [2] [3] Both VHF and HF radiating elements are mounted on a single boom, reducing antenna mass. The mission plan also includes using REASON as a nadir altimeter capable of measuring tides to test ice shell and ocean hypotheses as well as characterizing roughness across the surface to identify potential landing sites for a future Europa ...
The following month, Voyager 1 was launched from the same location. In March 1979, Voyager 1 approached Jupiter and followed 4 months later with Voyager 2's flyby. In November 1980, Voyager 1 approached Saturn, taking a gravity assist to visit Titan and leave the solar system headed north out of the ecliptic plane.
NAC observations also include: near-global (>95%) mapping of Europa at ≤50 m pixel scale; regional and high-resolution stereo imaging at <1 m/pixel, and high phase angle observations for plume searches. [2] [3] The NAC will also perform high-phase-angle observations to search for potential plumes, even when the spacecraft is distant from ...
Voyager 2's visit to Uranus may have left us with the complete wrong impression of the ice giant for nearly 40 years, according to a new study. Voyager 2 is the only craft to visit Uranus. Its ...
The Voyager probes, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2, refined measurements of its size, while Galileo discovered its underground ocean and magnetic field. The next planned mission to the Jovian system is the European Space Agency 's Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer (JUICE), which was launched in 2023. [ 29 ]
Because ice is too poor a conductor to generate this effect, it pointed to the possibility that Callisto, like Europa and Ganymede, might have a subsurface ocean of brine. [ 220 ] [ 226 ] Galileo made its closest encounter with Callisto on C30, when it made a 138-kilometer (86 mi) pass over the surface, during which it photographed the Asgard ...