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Stability derivatives, and also control derivatives, are measures of how particular forces and moments on an aircraft change as other parameters related to stability change (parameters such as airspeed, altitude, angle of attack, etc.). For a defined "trim" flight condition, changes and oscillations occur in these parameters.
The metacentric height is an approximation for the vessel stability at a small angle (0-15 degrees) of heel. Beyond that range, the stability of the vessel is dominated by what is known as a righting moment. Depending on the geometry of the hull, naval architects must iteratively calculate the center of buoyancy at increasing angles of heel.
Stability is the ability of the aircraft to counteract disturbances to its flight path. According to David P. Davies, there are six types of aircraft stability: speed stability, stick free static longitudinal stability, static lateral stability, directional stability, oscillatory stability, and spiral stability. [5]: 164
Movement Velocity (MVL): The average speed at which the COG shifts. [6]: 26–27 EndPoint Excursions (EPE): The distance willingly covered by the subject in their very first attempt towards the target, expressed as a percentage. [6]: 26–27 Maximum Excursions (MXE): The amount of distance the subject actually covered or moved their COG.
If the center of mass is inside the support polygon, calculate static stability by computing the minimum distance of the center of mass to any edge of the polygon. Dynamic stability: dictates the degree to which deviations from periodic movement during walking will result in instability. [14]
Miller twist rule is a mathematical formula derived by American physical chemist and historian of science Donald G. Miller (1927-2012) to determine the rate of twist to apply to a given bullet to provide optimum stability using a rifled barrel. [1]
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The exponent is an empirically derived coefficient that varies dependent upon the stability of the atmosphere. For neutral stability conditions, is approximately 1/7, or 0.143. In order to estimate the wind speed at a certain height z, the relationship would be rearranged to