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Static KBA, also referred to as "shared secrets" or "shared secret questions," is commonly used by banks, financial services companies and e-mail providers to prove the identity of the customer before allowing account access or, as a fall-back, if the user forgets their password. At the point of initial contact with a customer, a business using ...
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 17 February 2025. Integration of software development and operations DevOps is the integration and automation of the software development and information technology operations [a]. DevOps encompasses necessary tasks of software development and can lead to shortening development time and improving the ...
In cryptography, a shared secret is a piece of data, known only to the parties involved, in a secure communication. This usually refers to the key of a symmetric cryptosystem . The shared secret can be a PIN code , a password , a passphrase , a big number, or an array of randomly chosen bytes.
In computing, the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is an authentication protocol originally used by Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) to validate users. CHAP is also carried in other authentication protocols such as RADIUS and Diameter. Almost all network operating systems support PPP with CHAP, as do most network access servers.
The simplest example of a challenge-response protocol is password authentication, where the challenge is asking for the password and the valid response is the correct password. An adversary who can eavesdrop on a password authentication can authenticate themselves by reusing the intercepted password. One solution is to issue multiple passwords ...
The crucial difference is that in the OpenID authentication use case, the response from the identity provider is an assertion of identity; while in the OAuth authorization use case, the identity provider is also an API provider, and the response from the identity provider is an access token that may grant the application ongoing access to some ...
TOTP credentials are also based on a shared secret known to both the client and the server, creating multiple locations from which a secret can be stolen. An attacker with access to this shared secret could generate new, valid TOTP codes at will. This can be a particular problem if the attacker breaches a large authentication database. [4]
In the 2000s, security questions came into widespread use on the Internet. [1] As a form of self-service password reset, security questions have reduced information technology help desk costs. [1] By allowing the use of security questions online, they are rendered vulnerable to keystroke logging and brute-force guessing attacks, [3] as well as ...