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A file system must be applied on top of the block-level storage to map 'files' onto a sequence of blocks. Amazon EBS (elastic block store) is an example of a cloud block store. [2] Cloud block-level storage will usually offer facilities such as replication for reliability, or backup services. [3]
A storage area network (SAN) or storage network is a computer network which provides access to consolidated, block-level data storage.SANs are primarily used to access data storage devices, such as disk arrays and tape libraries from servers so that the devices appear to the operating system as direct-attached storage.
Some newer file systems, such as Btrfs and FreeBSD UFS2, attempt to solve this through techniques called block suballocation and tail merging. Other file systems such as ZFS support variable block sizes. [4] [5] Block storage is normally abstracted by a file system or database management system (DBMS) for use by
Network-attached storage (NAS) is a file-level computer data storage server connected to a computer network providing data access to a heterogeneous group of clients. In this context, the term "NAS" can refer to both the technology and systems involved, or a specialized computer appliance device unit built for such functionality – a NAS ...
Storage systems can provide either block accessed storage, or file accessed storage. Block access is typically delivered over Fibre Channel, iSCSI, SAS, FICON or other protocols. File access is often provided using NFS or SMB protocols. Within the context of a storage system, there are two primary types of virtualization that can occur:
Internet Small Computer Systems Interface or iSCSI (/ aɪ ˈ s k ʌ z i / ⓘ eye-SKUZ-ee) is an Internet Protocol-based storage networking standard for linking data storage facilities. iSCSI provides block-level access to storage devices by carrying SCSI commands over a TCP/IP network. iSCSI facilitates data transfers over intranets and to manage storage over long distances.
A shared-disk file system uses a storage area network (SAN) to allow multiple computers to gain direct disk access at the block level.Access control and translation from file-level operations that applications use to block-level operations used by the SAN must take place on the client node.
Access API High availability Shards Efficient Redundancy Redundancy Granularity Initial release year Memory requirements (GB) Alluxio (Virtual Distributed File System) Java Apache License 2.0 HDFS, FUSE, HTTP/REST, S3: hot standby No Replication [1] File [2] 2013 Ceph: C++ LGPL librados (C, C++, Python, Ruby), S3, Swift, FUSE: Yes Yes Pluggable ...