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Ammonium carbonate is a chemical compound with the chemical formula [N H 4] 2 C O 3. It is an ammonium salt of carbonic acid. It is composed of ammonium cations [NH 4] + and carbonate anions CO 2− 3. Since ammonium carbonate readily degrades to gaseous ammonia and carbon dioxide upon heating, it is used as a leavening agent and also as ...
At ordinary temperatures and pressures, ammonium carbamate exists in aqueous solutions as an equilibrium with ammonia and carbon dioxide, and the anions bicarbonate, HCO − 3, and carbonate, CO 2− 3. [8] [6] [9] Indeed, solutions of ammonium carbonate or bicarbonate will contain some carbamate anions too. H 2 NCO − 2 + 2H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 ...
Ammonia gas passed into a strong aqueous solution of the sesquicarbonate (a 2:1:1 mixture of (NH 4)HCO 3, (NH 4) 2 CO 3, and H 2 O) converts it into normal ammonium carbonate ((NH 4) 2 CO 3), which can be obtained in the crystalline condition from a solution prepared at about 30 °C. This compound on exposure to air gives off ammonia and ...
Calcium carbonate (limestone or chalk) decomposes into calcium oxide and carbon dioxide when heated. The chemical reaction is as follows: CaCO 3 → CaO + CO 2 The reaction is used to make quick lime, which is an industrially important product. Another example of thermal decomposition is 2Pb(NO 3) 2 → 2PbO + O 2 + 4NO 2.
In water solutions, the carbamate anion slowly equilibrates with the ammonium NH + 4 cation and the carbonate CO 2− 3 or bicarbonate HCO − 3 anions: [3] [4] [5] H 2 NCO − 2 + 2 H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + HCO − 3 + OH − H 2 NCO − 2 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + CO 2− 3. Calcium carbamate is soluble in water, whereas calcium carbonate is not.
In acidic soil conditions, ammonia will be converted to ammonium ions, which can be used by plants or microbes. Under alkaline conditions, some of the ammonium ions entering soil may be converted back to ammonia. Any remaining ammonium in the environment can undergo nitrification and denitrification to yield nitrate and nitrite. In the absence ...
It is manufactured by treating an aqueous solution of potassium carbonate or potassium hydroxide with carbon dioxide: [1] K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O → 2 KHCO 3. Decomposition of the bicarbonate occurs between 100 and 120 °C (212 and 248 °F): 2 KHCO 3 → K 2 CO 3 + CO 2 + H 2 O. This reaction is employed to prepare high purity potassium carbonate.
Ammonium chloride precipitates and is removed by filtration, and the solution is recycled to produce more sodium carbonate. Hou's process eliminates the production of calcium chloride. The byproduct ammonium chloride can be refined, used as a fertilizer and may have greater commercial value than CaCl 2, thus reducing the extent of waste beds.